The problems with Indian education system and recommendations

The problems with Indian education system and recommendations Introduction The Indian education system has come a long way since independence. Several prestigious institutes have been set up including primarily, the Indian Institutes of Technology which are ranked amongst the top 50 engineering institutes in the world. The recent education boom has is a testament to how education in India has become a business today. The full-fledged privatization of Indian educational institutions is by no means a bad thing. This model has worked quite well in the USA and UK. This model fails to be as successful in India however for the following prime reasons: In the USA non-college educated people can still maintain a decent standard of living. In India having a college education is imperative to ensure an above average standard of living. A pure 10th standard graduate in India earns on an average not more than Rs. 40,000 a year. An average BE graduate earns around Rs. 2.5 lakhs a year In India because of a tradition rooted in the class system blue-collar jobs are considered demeaning. To attain a white collar job, even if, for an entry level clerk position, a bachelors degree in arts or commerce is expected. The aforementioned points created a massive market for educational institutions over the last decade. The IT boom has led to a flood of engineers being churned out by the system every year. The value of degree today, ranks above the value of education On an average a BE graduate from an above average engineering college finds a job irrespective of the scores, academic performance and extra-curricular activities. This is driven by the sheer demand for engineers generated by Indias software boom. This demand has in turn created a large number of engineering colleges and institutes across India. It was only with the recent economic downturn that this demand saw a plunge and for the first time in the last 4 years: 22,000 seats in the MHT-EN-CET remained empty Students realized that a degree from a 2nd tier engineering institute held limited value when the time came to take up a job. The education business in India needs to be revamped. The unfettered and uncontrolled growth of educational institutes has led to a dip in the quality of education provided. The educational landscape India as a culture has conventionally focused on the wrong aspects of education. This trend may be partially attributed to the rote style of learning things propounded by the classic system of Gurukul from ancient India. This encouragement of rote style of learning begins from the primary school level. Primary and secondary school 73% of primary schools are government funded and 27% are privately owned schools As a general rule government schools: Have a poor teacher to student ratio >1:40 Less focus on extra-curricular activities Less focus on all-round development Private schools provide only marginally better services. But it is clear that to succeed in India getting high marks through intense rote-style studying has become unavoidable. Primary school and secondary school education in India suffers from the following clearly visible setbacks: Focus on rote learning for all subjects Logical and analytical thinking is not promoted Students are not encouraged to develop opinions Students are discouraged from participating in extra-curricular activities which can help in all round development Broken down subject-wise following deficiencies are commonly observed: Mathematics: More focus on learning up multiplication tables and rapid mental calculations as opposed to theory building Sciences: Less focus on practical experiments Languages: Very high focus on rote learning of poetry and literature as compared to language and vocabulary development Social sciences: Very high focus on rote learning of dates, names and events as compared to development of opinion and creation of social awareness A major consequence of this rote-style of education is that students forget their lessons by the time they go to college because the object of their studies had been examination oriented. At a time when an individual is expected to study integrated circuit technology he/she may have forgotten the three orders of a lever. Junior college In our system after the 10th standard board examinations the student has to attend 2 more years of college before moving into graduate education. Depending upon the location of the student he/she has three choices: State board ISC board CBSE board Students who intend to get into the engineering stream have the following choices: Get into the state board and try for local engineering colleges Get into ISC or CBSE board and try for AIEEE national institutes of technology or give JEE to get into the prestigious IITs Students who want to get into medicine have to work towards AICTE or give try out for the local medical colleges. The few students who intend to avoid both are at liberty to opt for any of the boards without much consideration. The prime educational set-backs faced here assuming the student intends to enter a science stream are as follows: The student may not be able to adapt to the shift of focus away from languages and social sciences Students tend to neglect college education in favor of studying for upcoming entrance examinations including AIEEE, JEE and CETs In essence this 2 year period proves to be a study leave of sorts. The students studies during these two years focuses on scraping through the entrance examination at the end of the tunnel as opposed to the studies at hand. Higher studies The Indian education system is known for its highly competitive nature. The top two most difficult academic entrance examinations in the World today are Indian. By acceptance rates: IIT Joint Entrance Examinations with a 0.3% acceptance rate IIM Common Admission Test with a 0.5% acceptance rate Earlier academic performance is rarely an indication of success in the JEE. Only 30% of 10th standard board toppers make it through JEE This is largely attributed to the inclusion of languages and social sciences in the board results. But more significantly JEE demands a higher level of application of physics, chemistry and mathematics than the students are exposed to. Students are engineered to answer board examination papers in school with repeated questions and theoretical redundancies. The JEE is an examination where questions are rarely repeated year on year and it is very difficult to engineer a student to clear this examination. Everyone wants to get into IITs but not everyone can. The JEE is one of the most difficult examinations to get through in the world ranked at number 3. IIT Joint Entrance examinations have an acceptance rate of less than 0.3% The result of this acutely low figure is that 99.07% of JEE applicants have to settle for inferior options. The unfortunate truth about Indian engineering colleges is that there are a lot of options but very few good options. The JEE is one of the toughest exams to clear and a major This is true for other fields as well. In comparison most American universities provide a higher quality of education as compared to an Indian institution. The fact that out of the top 100 institutes in world today 67 are American and 4 (the IITs) are Indian supports this contention. Barring financial constraints, it is 40 times easier to get into MIT or Stanford than it is to get into the IITs It is 30 times easier to get into Harvard and Oxford business schools than it is to get into an IIM in terms of acceptance rates. These eye-opening statistics clearly show the bleak situation of our higher education system. A general trend among ambitious students has been to leave the country if they dont get into the prestigious Indian institutes. Students with financially strong backgrounds have limited incentive to stay on and go for a third tier college when they can simply go for higher education to the USA in a more world renowned and reputed university. It is hardly a wonder then that In 2010 more than 88000 students from India travelled to the UK and USA for higher education. This is a strong factor in the huge amount of brain-drain that has been occurring through the last decade. The statistics show that even the recession has not slowed down the exodus of Indian students to universities abroad. Once the students get settled there and have paid in dollars it almost becomes an imperative that they earn in dollars as well to cover up their Recommendations for the Indian education system: At Primary and Secondary school level: A best-of system should be introduced to encourage where only a certain number of subjects would be considered for the students assessment. Other significant subjects must enforce a nominal passing percentage requirement. This system will help a student focus on his/her interests and not be held back or bogged down by his weaknesses. There should be a grading system where extra-curricular and co-curricular activities should be made compulsory where every student may choose an area of his/her liking. This will work towards the students all-round development. The student should be given credit for his/her extracurricular activities. A full-fledged review needs to be performed to revise the whole curriculum. Education focus needs to shift from rote-based learning to application based learning. These steps are necessary to ensure a strong base is created for higher education. At junior college(11th and 12th standard) level: The 2 years between 10th standard boards and graduate education are critical to every student as they help them develop a compass for the future. It is in these years that the students develop a sense of their career ambitions and goals. During this period the student should be given exposure to all possible fields to develop a potential career. Extensive counseling should be provided to ensure that the student develops a good idea of what is a feasible course for the future. To the farthest extent possible entrance examination studies should be incorporated into elective geared towards the syllabi of these examinations The above recommendations strike at the government policy level and are by no means easy to implement. Moreover while they have an almost utopian quality, these policies are bound to be bogged down by bureaucratic hurdles and administrative red tape. Most significantly implementing these policies would require the kind of political will that has not been seen at the centre or state governments since independence. These policies are bound to raise several objections amongst people doubting their soundness. They are however nothing but an extrapolation of the more successful education practices implemented in the USA and the UK placed into the Indian scenario. Following are recommendations at a graduate and post-graduate level of higher education. Higher education in India is not controlled by the government to the extent primary and secondary school education is. At the graduate and post-graduate level: The most glaring deficiency at the graduate and post-graduate level of education in India is the inflexibility of the system. The single-track attitude of Indian education has led to extreme focus on specialization and the aversion to shift streams and take electives unrelated to the stream. US universities have a highly flexible system at the graduate level allowing someone to start off as with a computer science major and shift into economics through the course of his bachelor degree. The credit system works greatly towards this. Following are a few facilities that a new age university may provide: Indian colleges usually lack the University format prevalent throughout the western world. Barring a few, most Universities do not have a common campus and several colleges function almost as autonomous entities. Setting up University towns is a solution that may work towards this end. Real-estate in large cities is hard to come by; setting up towns with self-sustaining infrastructure could work towards this end. Flexibility in electives can be implemented more easily in the University format. While flexibility is detrimental at the post-graduate level it is certainly a feasible option. Credit systems prevalent in the west can be used to achieve this end. 72 % of engineering graduates aspire to get placements in management consultancies and banks* This is attributed to a higher level of remuneration offered by these corporations. It would hence be profitable to the universities if they offered electives relevant to economic, management and finance along with engineering. The universities need to have a high quality of education and need to revamp their system. Most new age colleges blindly follow outdate practices to adhere to prescribed norms to be associated with a University. Mumbai University has seen a sharp decline in quality over the past decade. Colleges tend to adhere to non-value adding activities like maintaining lab-journals. In reality students rarely actually perform the experiment. A large amount of students time is spent conforming to degree requirements then actually learning something. 84% of Mumbai university engineering graduates are dissatisfied with their education* 75% of Mumbai university engineering graduates do not know how to use MS Excel* If the process were consisted irrespective of how inexorably marred with red-tape and formality it were, then it would be acceptable. But the evaluations in the centralized examinations in the first and fourth years are rampant with administrative incompetence. A Mumbai university teacher is given around Rs.30 paise per paper for evaluation This shocking statistic clearly shows that the teacher rarely has any strong incentive to evaluate the paper sincerely. It should hardly come as a surprise then that Around 30000 papers are sent for reevaluation every year despite the cumbersome procedure and a Rs. 500 fee The new-age university needs to avoid the mistakes made by Mumbai University. It has degenerated in terms of quality of education over the years. The university must maintain a high standard to ensure that it remains economically sustainable while catering to the needs of the students. Things move slowly at the government level but if the private sector were given a strong incentive (financial) then certainly world class universities can be set up. Students in India are willing to pay a large amount of money for education a good university abroad. An average student pays $50000 as the total expenditure for a post-graduation degree and $80000 for a graduation degree including sundry expenses abroad Amounting to more than Rs. 300000. It is clear that there is a large enough market of students from economically strong backgrounds that would be willing to pay a large sum of money necessary to maintain an international standard of quality of education. For a private university it will be difficult to build up a brand name instantly. The best way for the private sector to ensure a rapid brand building exercise could be: Associated with a corporate brand like the TATAs have done with their institutes. People are more likely to join institutes associated with respected corporations. Get international brand associations with other world class universities. Having an association with Harvard or MIT would certainly justify the high fees that these institutions are likely to charge Since sundry costs in India will be considerably lower than those of foreign institutions it is undeniable that student will end up spending considerably less than the expenditure incurred in education abroad. A university providing a world class education at premium costs but lesser than the costs of education abroad would cater to a large untapped niche audience. There is a large potential for such world class universities. Conclusion The recommendations made in this paper are by no means easy to implement. But as mentioned in the beginning education has become highly privatized and become a business. The recommendations provided in the paper requiring a change in governmental policies will be extremely difficult to implement. It will be an unpopular move for any government to stir up a system that has been designed to be politically correct as opposed to productive. But at the university level strong measures can be taken to encourage private investors into the idea of a network of world class universities to rival the IITs and the IIMs.

Comparison of My Last Duchess and the Laboratory

Poems ‘The laboratory, the content of the play, from my point of view is about a woman whose partner has left her for another woman. The poet has planned to kill the other woman as she is jealous of her and wants revenge from her ex. We can tell she is jealous of this other woman as she says she’s not little, no minion like me! ’ this shows she is jealous of the woman as she thinks she is of higher status, the words ‘she’s not little’ shows this. She thinks the other woman is better than she is.We also know she wants to get revenge from her ex as she says ‘he is sure to remember her dying face! ’ here we know she wants revenge as she wants her ex to see the love of his life die as well as suffer, by doing this she will punish both of them. ‘My last duchess, the poem is set during the 19th century. The speaker who is the Duke of Ferrara is giving the tour of his prospective second wife a tour of the artworks in his home. He dr aws a curtain to reveal a painting of a woman, explaining that it is a portrait of his late wife; he invites his guest to sit and look at the painting.As they look at the portrait of the Duchess, the Duke describes her happy, cheerful and flirtatious nature, which had displeased him. He says, â€Å"She had a heart or how shall I say? Too soon made glad† He goes on to say that his complaint of her was that not only her husband's presence was that made her happy. Eventually, â€Å"I gave commands; then all smiles stopped together. † He now keeps her painting hidden behind a curtain that only he is allowed to draw back, meaning that now she only smiles for him The two Robert Browning poems I have chosen are ‘The Laboratory' and ‘My last Duchess'.My initial reaction on reading the laboratory was one of horror and fascination as it tells a tale of a woman scorned. I found it horrifying that a human being could plan in such a cold and calculating way, but I also found this fascinating. My feelings on reading My Last Duchess was pity for the Duke who was narrating the poem as it was clear that his jealousy and insecurity had ruined their relationship. ` Both poems have contemporary relevance, as people today are still intrigued by murder, mystery and tales of unrequited love.It is very obvious that the poems were written in the 19th century though, as some of the language is no longer in use in today's society for example durst, dared, forsooth and indeed. There are other indications that the poetry was written in the 19th century by the references made to the use of a fan and also the way the poison was prepared using pestle and mortar. ‘Grind away moistens and mash up thy paste, Pound at thy powder-I am not in haste. ‘ The theme of The Laboratory is one of the eternal love triangles.Where the theme in my last duchess would seem to be about an obsessive yet insecure lover. The similarity would be the extreme jealousy that is dis played by both narratives. The difference is that the narrator in My Last Duchess is so jealous and insecure that he ‘gave commands; The character of the narrator in The Laboratory displays an intensity of emotion through her obvious jealousy of the other woman this intensity of jealousy could only be achieved if she also had experienced the same level of love.Similarly, the character of the narrator in My Last Duchess which is a man also displays obvious jealousy although it is without such an intensity of emotion. Both poems are dramatic monologues, the tone of The Laboratory is one of anger and the mood is evil, it creates a tense atmosphere which leads the reader to rush from one verse to the next to see how the story within the poem develops. In comparison, My Last Duchess is written in a less direct way and seems less hurried the narrative's jealousy is not immediately apparent but becomes more obvious as the poem progresses.In conclusion, after having studied both poems , it is the style and content of the laboratory which has made the most impact on me. The directness of the narrative regarding her intent and the subject matter I found as I said earlier both horrific yet fascinating. The image of a 19th century alchemist was easily consumed up and I almost felt like I was there. My Last Duchess, although interesting did not have the same impact on me this is mainly due to the style of the poem which is a more meandering tale and has a less direct approach.

The Death Penalty Essay examples - 859 Words

The death penalty continues to be an issue of controversy and is an issue that will be debated in the United States for many years to come. According to Hugo A. Bedau, the writer of â€Å"The Death Penalty in America†, capital punishment is the lawful infliction of the death penalty. The death penalty has been used since ancient times for a variety of offenses. The Bible says that death should be done to anyone who commits murder, larceny, rapes, and burglary. It appears that public debate on the death penalty has changed over the years and is still changing, but there are still some out there who are for the death penalty and will continue to believe that it’s a good punishment. I always hear a lot of people say â€Å"an eye for an eye.† Most†¦show more content†¦Celerity refers to the elapsed time between the commission of an offense and the administration of punishment. In theory, the more quickly a punishment is carried out, the greater its deterr ent effect, and last the deterrent effect of a punishment is a function of its severity. However, over the last two decades more and more scholars and citizens have realized that the deterrent effect of a punishment is not a consistent direct effect of its severity-after a while, increases in the severity of a punishment no longer add to its deterrent benefits. In fact, increases in a punishments severity have decreasing incremental deterrent effects, so that eventually any increase in severity, will no longer matter (Radelet and Borg, 2000). Scores of researchers, including such eminent criminologists as Edward Sutherland and Thorsten Sellin, have examined the possibility that the death penalty has a greater deterrent effect on homicide rates than long-term. While some econometric studies have claimed to find deterrent effects; these studies have been sharply criticized. Overall, the vast majority of deterrence studies have failed to support the hypothesis that the death penalty is a more effective deterrent to criminal homicides than long imprisonment. As two of this countrys most experienced deterrence researchers conclude after their review of recent scholarship, The available evidence remains clear and abundant that,Show MoreRelatedThe Death Penalty Is Justified1143 Words   |  5 PagesAllison Shu 2/25/16 Period 2 Objective paper on the death penalty Capital punishment is legally authorized killing as punishment for a crime. The death penalty questions the morality of killing a person as justification for their crime. It also brings to question whether the death penalty actually serves as a deterrent for crime, and that some of the people executed are found innocent afterwards. 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The Holocaust Of The Nazi Party - 791 Words

By 1933 the Nazi Party had fully risen to power. Their policies included â€Å"purifying† Germany, taking over the world, and exterminating any group of people that contradicted their idea of a perfect society, namely the Jewish. By 1945 twenty million people died, including gypsies (Romanian), the Polish, Soviet citizens, the disabled, Jehovah’s Witnesses, homosexuals and yes the Jewish. The Holocaust is a prime example of genocide. The Nazis sent their prisoners to concentration camps where they were denied food, forced to work ungodly hours and made to sleep in cramp insect-infested barracks. But before that the German people were forced to undergo test to make sure they were â€Å"German†. Then they ones who were different were separated and branded-like the Jewish Star of David. Later they were sent to ghettos. Eventually the prisoners were taken to concentration camps and tortured to death. But for many Holocaust victims the pain started long before Auschwi tz. 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Analysis Of The Movie The Film - 1715 Words

Michael Hughes Romero (the movie) is a biopic movie released in 1989 American biopic which depicts the life and death of the Salvadoran Archbishop Oscar Romero, who led peaceful protests against a violent military regime and made sure the people knew the truth, even though this ended up costing him his life. He is portrayed in the movie by Raul Julia. Óscar Arnulfo Romero y Galdà ¡mez was born in 1917 and died March 24 1980. Romero was a high ranking member of the Catholic Church, who served as the fourth Archbishop of San Salvador. He was a very outspoken man with strong political opinions. He spoke out against social injustice, poverty, and the brutalities of Salvadoran life, such as the assassinations and torture that were carried out by the right wing death squads. In 1980 Romero was shot during the middle of a Mass that he was offering in a small hospital chapel in the capital of El Salvador, San Salvador and died. Romero was born on August 15th, 1917 to Santos Romero and Guadalupe de Jà ©sus Galdà ¡mez in Ciudad Barrios in the San Miguel department of El Salvador. Oscar Romero was baptized into the Church shortly after he turned one. He had many siblings, including 2 sisters and 5 brothers. Romero entered public school for the three years it was offered. He then used a tutor to continue studying until he turned thirteen. Romero then went on to attend the minor seminary in San Miguel, after having graduated from the minor seminary Romero then enrolled in the nationalShow MoreRelatedMovie Analysis : Movie Of A Film 2032 Words   |  9 Pagesthe auteur category of films, we went from films having a clear plot, ending, and meaning, to films having endings, plots, and meanings the audience had to actually sit and think about to find to find out what exactly the director was trying to portray. This is caused by directors that are considered auteurs. 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Health tourism and its impacts on host nation and hospitality industry Free Essays

string(138) " lends itself to infrastructural betterments, more employment opportunities with an increased propensity towards overall wealth creation\." Introduction Growing demand for health services is a global phenomenon, linked to economic development that generates rising incomes and education. Demographic change, especially the ageing population and older people’s requirements for more medical services, coupled with rising incidence of chronic conditions, also fuel demand for more and better health services. Waiting times and/or the increasing cost of health services at home, combined with the availability of cheaper alternatives in developing countries, has lead new healthcare consumers, or medical tourists, to seek treatment overseas. We will write a custom essay sample on Health tourism and its impacts on host nation and hospitality industry or any similar topic only for you Order Now This booming growth for medical/health tourism in recent times has had both positive and negative impacts on the global healthcare and on the host nation. Whether health is a motivator to travel or as a contributor to disease transference it can have a great impact on the hospitality and tourism industry. It can influence social, financial, industrial, environmental, business and hospitality sectors in an economy. It’s impact on global healthcare can lead to innovation in healthcare solution, enhancements in healthcare solutions, enhancements in the number of healthcare professional, increased international standards in healthcare solutions and emergence of supporting healthcare infrastructure for example a medical hotel. A number of tourists are now combining vacation and health care. According to Travel Health Watch (Oct 18, 2010) medical tourism market shows rapid growth. The 2010 Portrait of American Travellers, a study compiled by Harrison Group and Y partnership, found that half of leisure travellers from theU.S.are familiar with the idea of medical tourism. The study also found that the medical tourism market is growing 20 percent each year and leisure travellers will consider having a medical procedure done in a foreign country if they could save some money, the quality is comparable to services provided in the U.S, and/or if their insurance would not cover a particular procedure in the U.S. In India, health care is one of the largest sectors, in terms of revenue and employment, and this sector is expanding rapidly largely due to health and medical tourists. During the 1990s, the Indian health care sector grew at a compound annual rate of 16%. Today the total value of the sector is more than US$34 billion. By 2012, India’s health care sector is projected to grow to near US$40 billion (PricewaterhouseCoopers 2007). Medical hotels are also in the rise due to the demand and rapid increase in health care from tourists. Consortiums inSingaporeare investing in medical hotels which will boast a 260-room luxury high-rise connected to the east wing of a new hospital inFarrerPark. The hotel will feature a 500-seat conference hall, indoor and outdoor gardens and a spa, as well as a dialysis machine and other medical equipment for patients who don’t want to stay in the hospital. It will add new meaning to the concept of a healing holiday. Jetting off to a foreign country for affordable cosmetic surgery has been a popular option for years. But now, pinched by rising health-care costs in developed countries, travellers are going abroad for routine required surgeries and procedures, including colonoscopies and ob-gyn exams. According toButler,Sana, by 2012, experts predict, medical tourism will turn into a $100 billion international industry with more than 780 million patients seeking health care abroad. Travelling overseas for medical care has historical roots; previously limited to elites from developing countries to developed ones, when health care was inadequate or unavailable at home. Now however, the direction of medical travel is changing towards developing countries, and globalization and increasing acceptance of health services as a market commodity have lead to a new trend; organized medical tourism for fee paying patients, regardless of citizenship, who shop for health services overseas using new information sources, new agents to connect them to providers, and inexpensive air travel to reach their destination. Health tourists constantly prefer to consult doctors of high repute, whose skills have already benefited patients with similar medical conditions. The enormous need for proficient personnel breeds more specialists who cater to this escalating requirement thus contributing to the economy’s employment. Apart from the physician’s status, a potential foreign medical tourist looks at numerous other aspects of the medical establishment, to which he/she entrusts their wellbeing. As per industry standards, accreditations from authorized bodies are recognized and accepted. Other variations which monitor quality and accountability standards are also improved upon and utilized. National accreditations, which have their own stringent parameters, are also improving upon international standards to meet international patient requirements and expectations. Dispensation, storage interpretation of available medical records and data files; a process termed ‘Knowledge Processing’ has made the medical system transparent beyond medical authorities worldwide, to respective patients as well. Prior to the global focus on health tourism, the importance of this process was not felt as keenly as it is today. With the advent of the internet and web conferencing, medical proceedings, subject data and case histories of patients around the world is now available and shared online with doctors operating in any country. It provides them with excellent opportunities to interpret, assimilate, improve, collaborate and enhance the overall health services afforded. Globalization of medicine has brought the emanation of several other allied international sectors like healthcare insurance, vast selection of tourism getaways, varied choices of travelling and unlimited options for hospitable lodging in the country that one chooses to get treated in. Besides, the banking sector has facilitated advancing of loans, comfortable payback schemes, credit card facilities; easy access to internet payment gateways, abundant foreign currency exchange centres and other painless international banking procedure to help foreign tourists. Such programs have completely ruled out affordability or inaccessibility to capital, as a hindrance to disease alleviation. For many nations obtaining medical visas is now an effortless procedure. When established as an industry, medical tourism is significantly instrumental in moulding the society of a nation. It contributes not just in terms of enhanced, speedier or affordable healthcare, but also lends itself to infrastructural betterments, more employment opportunities with an increased propensity towards overall wealth creation. You read "Health tourism and its impacts on host nation and hospitality industry" in category "Essay examples" In nations that are still in the developing stages, such improvisations pave the way towards industrial growth to cater to the burgeoning demands of the foreign health seekers. A developed nation, on the other hand gains prominence as a popular healthcare destination and people start travelling there for medical attention. According to Weaver and Lawton (2010) manufacturing industries, foreign investments, business exports, agricultural, mineral products or information technology services, are currently among the most prominent and largest contributors to any nation’s Gross Domestic Products (GDP). Therefore, medical tourism will soon top the charts as a key money grosser, contributing significantly in the GDP for a nation which affords such facilities. As more tourists arrive into the country for cheaper, better and faster remedy for their illnesses, the chances of financial gain is guaranteed. All medical tourists do not visit a country with the express purpose of a treatment or surgery. They also intend to tour the country’s other historical or natural attractions. This trend is growing as tourists tend to invest the amount they save in healthcare, during sight-seeing. This serves as significant revenue for the tourism industry and forms a portion of total profits of the industry. Another industry very closely associated with the field of medical science is the pharmaceutical industry. When one undergoes treatment or surgery in one country, they are bound to take over-the-counter drugs sold in the same area. This increases the sale of medicines in a directly proportional manner such that, the number of surgeries or treatment conducted directly adds to the profits of the pharmaceutical company of the country that is a prominent medical tourism destination. The medical tourism industry is served both by private as well as public sector industries. While the public sector contributes to the overall infrastructure and associated processes like permitting medical visa, clearing foreign passports, facilitating foreign exchange etc; the private sector totally takes over the comfort hospitality department as well as the healthcare facilities. The kind of medical care and amenities provided by private sector industries is generally far more superior to that offered by government establishments. Under such situations, a public-private partnership tends to equalize profits, adds to overall infrastructural benefits and caters to the needs of the foreign medical tourist, in a balanced manner making the overall procedure smooth, rapid and economical. For example The Indian Ministry of Tourism has started a new category of visas for the medical tourists. These visas called the â€Å"M† or medical-visas are valid for one year but can be exten ded up to three years and are issued for a patient along with a companion. A country that prospers in the healthcare tourism industry will also experience fewer exits of trained professionals from their home country to a foreign nation availing better employment and financial opportunities which is prevalent in developing countries in Asia,South Americaand South Pacific. Medical professionals are content as they get the required job satisfaction and financial fulfilment even when stationed in their native country. There are also political advantages as well when one country serves as a major tourism destination for another and there is constant exchange of treatment and revenue between them, the political links between those nations are affected in a positive manner. Stronger bonds between those nations are forged when the host nation and provide the foreign tourists with several amenities besides conducive medical treatment. Along with the positives there can also be some negatives impacts associated with health tourism. With patient travels; there is significant risk of corresponding bacterial travel. All industry professionals must understand the negative impact of communicable diseases. Hence, good strategies should be developed by global organizations to protect spread of such diseases. Understanding and control is vital for all the countries involved. .For infrastructural growth, the natural greenery or forest cover of a region is compromised in order to accommodate more buildings, hospital facilities, roads, treatment or diagnostic centres etc. To supplement the above, there is a continuous discharge of polluted air, solid -toxic medical waste, litters of sewage consisting of oil and chemicals. Architectural, noise and visual pollution also has a direct negative impact on the atmosphere. Health tourism also creates a dearth of local resources like power, food stock, fuel and other unredeemable natural resources, which could already be in short supply within the host country. Water, another non-replenishable natural resource, is commonly misused in hotels, spas and swimming pools through careless personal use by tourists. This not only generates large volumes of waste water but also leads to water shortages and depletion of natural water sources. With an increased number of health tourists, the hospital/hotel adopts the policy of being paid in accordance to an overseas system. Such a structure, even though economical to a foreigner, tends to be expensive for the native. As a result, all sections of people within a particular nation are not able to take advantage of the advanced treatment options available within the country. This creates a negative impact on the health infrastructure of a country. Healthcare tourism in most countries runs through private institutions. Currently the private sector in most developed countries accounts for a larger number of surgical procedures, treatment operations, and ultimately in the overall number of patients from all over the globe. Thus the revenue generated by this sector is much greater compared to that generated by the government or the public sector. The uncontrolled growth of the private sector can lead to inequalities and profit imbalance across both sectors. There are significant chances that many medical tourism hospitals would tap into unethical practices to grab international patients, such as organ transplants, restricted regional treatments or several other medical services which are restricted, regulated or controlled in one region. Legal issues are also likely to rise as the health industry presents unique problems and challenges for both consumers as well as providers. Both positive and negative impacts of medical tourism on healthcare, economic, social and environmental sectors creates opportunities and challenges for this growing industry which require cohesive collaborative work between various stakeholders. Medical tourism doesn’t only provide benefits to international patients or health/medical tourists but it extends to a wide spectrum of benefits to many industries such as the healthcare industry, travel and tourism, commercial sector, government relationships, and international accreditation sector. There are also negative impacts medical or health tourism can have by attributing to shortages of scare local resources in energy usage including electrical power, food stock, fuel and other unredeemable natural resources such as water and the resultant environmental issues which needs to be considered and controlled by governments of countries in midst of this global phenomenon. Reference List Butler, S, 2009, ‘Holidays for health’, Newsweek International viewed 26 May 2011, pp.36. Available from: . Carrera, P, Bridges M, John F, 2006, ‘Globalization and healthcare: understanding health and medical tourism. Expert Reviews. Vol. 6, Issue 4, pp.447 – 454. Dr. Prem, J, 2010, ‘Medical tourism impact its more than obvious . Medical Tourism Magazine vol 17, viewed 26 May 2011, Available from: . Hazarika, I,2009, Medical tourism: its potential impact on the health workforce, Oxford Journals, vol 25, no 3, pp.248 – 251, viewed 26 May 2011. Mathieson, A and Wall, G, 1982’ ‘Social Impacts’, in Tourism: economic, physical, and social impacts, U.S ed, Longman,London. McKerchera, B, 1993, ‘Some fundamental truths about tourism: understanding tourism’s social and environmental impacts’ Journal of Sustainable Tourism [online]. viewed 26 May 2011, pp.6 – 16. Available from: . Otley, T, 2007, ‘Patients without borders: it is now cheaper and easier than ever before for patients to receive good-quality healthcare abroad, but how is this medical tourism affecting the host nations’?(Fit to Fly: Medical travel)’ Business Traveller vol 2 viewed 26 May 2011, pp.36. Available from . U.S. House, 2007, Market report for Healthcare in India, Government Printing Office,Washington. Weaver, DB and Lawton, L 2010, ‘Economic impacts of tourism’, in Tourism management, 4th ed, John Wiley,Qld,Australia. How to cite Health tourism and its impacts on host nation and hospitality industry, Essay examples

Brisbane Power Centre Case Study

Question: Discuss about theBrisbane Power Centre Case Study. Answer: Introduction The Brisbane Outdoor Power Centre which began its operations from a single retail store, now has stores in three locations. These stores operate independently from each other and has their individual systems of purchase and inventory management. Since all the three stores were making good profits, the management did not bother to scrutinize the operational level details of these stores. As a result, these stores operate in a decentralized manner and the operations are not streamlined. Now that the owners, Donald and Louise Saxon, have opted to retire, Belinda Green is all set to overtake the business. Since she does not approve the present method of decentralized operations, she is looking forward to make some fundamental changes in the companys operations. In this report the present system is studies and the inefficiencies of the system are identified. Finally some recommendations are made to enhance the present system and streamline the inventory and procurement arrangements. The Current Purchasing and Inventory Management Processes. The Brisbane Outdoor Power Centre has grown from an only store retailing the lawnmowers to a business selling a wide range of all type of gardening equipment in its three distinct stores. The group was founded by Donald, who initially managed one store and eventually expanded business by acquiring two more stores at different locations. All these stores are doing good business and making profits. Donald himself managed one store at Mt. Gravatt and did not paid much attention to the operational details of other two stores. Currently all the three stores of the group are managed by independent policies regarding management of their sourcing as well as inventory. The suppliers from which the regular purchases are made by each of the retail store are different from the others. This sort of arrangement might have repetition of work by the procurement department of the three stores. All three might be giving different orders and requirements to the same suppliers. This presents a weak position of the company as there are multiple negotiations efforts. The collective order to the supplier would give the company better negotiating position (Mackelprang, Robinson, Bernardes Webb, 2014). Also, it could be very much possible because of difference in negotiating parties the same supplier might be selling same products to the three stores of Brisbane Outdoor power Centre at different prices. The possible costs saving is being wasted here by the stores by negotiating individually. The management of procuring and inventory arrangements have not been streamlined in a systematic manner, because the owner of the group Donald did not bothered to intervene the operations of the other stores, mainly because they were giving good profits. Presently these stores have different products and brand in their stocks. This would eventually give a varied experience to the customer when he visits the different store. There is not defined combined approach for procurement of particular product by one store from another in case of shortage. In short the functions of all the stores are independent and the company on a whole is decentralized. Each retail store has its own products stocks, brand collection and individual choice of suppliers. Each store maintained its own inventory and safety stock on the basis of decisions made by the store managers. The stores have their separate visions, goals and values. Although till now these methods have served the purpose of these retail stores. However, for the future growth of the Brisbane Outdoor Power as a group, it is necessary that the appropriate changes are incorporated in the procurement and inventory management system. This would eventually help the company to examine the potential ways of cost savings and also enable the uniformity of the customers experience at any store of the company. The current inventory management system is not good for the company as all the three stores have their own inventory management system. Advantages and Disadvantages of the Currently used Processes? Advantages of Current Process The decision making at each store is quick since they are operating independently and the approvals from head office of group is not needed (Yamak, Souchon Frhlich, 2011). The locally managed stores are at advantage since they have knowledge about their area of operations like the coming festivals, event of their area, etc. and hence they can arrange for their stocks accordingly. The decentralized management of inventory and purchasing gives power of decision making to the local managers (Raza Turiac, 2016). Like in the case of Ipswich, the area which has large estates and hobby farms the store have provisions of range of gardening equipment and ride-on mowers. The wider range of customers are served by these stores, especially when they store goods from variety of brands. The sale of a particular brand in a given store can be individually assessed and further stock could be arranged in accordance with the customer preferences. Since the decision making lies with the individual store managers, the enjoy higher control and possesses greater sense of ownership. This helps in effectively operating the stores. The management when at the same local level as the consumers, is able to better understand customer demands and have greater relationship with the customers (Kreipl Pinedo, 2004). Disadvantages of Current Process The decentralized purchasing and inventory management systems have various disadvantages too. Some of these are: This sort of arrangement might have repetition of work by the procurement department of the three stores. All three might be giving different orders and requirements to the same suppliers. This presents a weak position of the company as there are multiple negotiations efforts. The collective order to the supplier would give the company better negotiating position. (Frazelle, 2002). Also, it could be possible the same supplier might be selling same products to the three stores of Brisbane Outdoor power Centre at different prices. The possible costs saving is being wasted here by the stores by negotiating individually. All this leads to 2 things, first there is additional effort organization is spending on buying. Secondly, there is potential of saving that is lost because each store is buying at different rates Since the orders to suppliers are given by stores separately, the bulk discounts and higher negotiation of prices is not being utilized (Harland, Brenchley Walker, 2003). Also the disadvantage is that maybe because of strong relationship with a supplier is enabling one retail store of the group to get goods ate cheaper rates than the other retail store of the same group (Chang Harrington Jr, 2002). Each retail store has its own products stocks, brand collection and individual choice of suppliers, leading to different customer experience in different stores (Urban, 2005). The issues like under or over purchasing, maintaining individual safety stock at each store, causes increased level of inventory for the entire group, thereby locking the money that could have otherwise been used in some better way (Chan, Shen, Simchi-Levi Swann, 2004). Since bulk purchases are not being made bulk discounts and offers are thus not being availed because of decentralization. What Supply-Chain and Inventory Management Concepts Would Help the Company Increase Efficiency and Reduce Investment whilst Maintaining Adequate Stock Levels? The important concepts of supply-chain and inventory management which would be beneficial for the company to increase are the following: Reducing the Safety Stock At present the inventory and safety stock is maintained by each of the three stores individually. This leads to high level of inventory which has great scope of minimization. The Brisbane Outdoor Power would do better if all the safety stock is maintained at only one of the store which has facilities to hold such stock (Germain, Claycomb Droge, 2008). The stores could make use of this safety stock for replenishment as and when required. By doing so, the companys capital tied up in excess safety stock would be free for another investments or other use for the benefit of the group at large. Using the Economies of Scale The company must make good use of economies of scale. The collection of data and information from all the stores must be done by the management and study for identification of various business scenarios must be done. Accordingly, appropriate action plans must be formulated by the company. Some of the possible cases could be: Same materials bought by all three stores from different suppliers: In such scenarios the study of all the three stores must be undertaken to determine which store is paying the least price. This would help the company to better negotiate and avail discounts on bulk purchases (Hingley, 2001). All three stores purchasing from same supplier: In this situation, the identification of the lowest prices being paid by the stores must be done and negotiation for bulk purchases could be done for all the stores together. All three stores purchasing different products from different supplier: In this kind of situation a thorough streamlining is needed in which few best suppliers must be chosen to fulfill needs of all the three stores. Economic Order Quantity (EOQ): The effective us of EOQ must be done for the products which are commonly in demand at all times and have relatively small lead time. When ordering lesser inventory, the cost of holding is reduced, however, the number of orders become more and frequent, thereby increasing the cost of ordering. Likewise, bulk ordering would require greater storing space and hence higher holding costs (Lev, 2001). Dealing with high lead time products: The reorder point strategy could be used for the products that have high lead time. This ensure automatic order placement when the stock reaches certain fixed level. This level could be determined by the lead time and safety stock analysis (Holsenback, McGill, 2007). This would ensure that the supplies are constant as and when required and not held up unnecessarily in excess inventory. Recommendations for Ms. Green with Respect to Restructuring the Purchasing and Inventory Functions of the Company? For the restructuring of purchasing and inventory functions of the company, Ms. Green can make use of effective supply chain management concepts. The first step must be centralization of the system. By making use of software available in the market like the MYOB, QuickBooks, Xero, etc. this could be achieved (Shukla, Agarwal Shukla, 2012). The purchase order can be centralized with different bill to and ship to options. Company can thus take advantage of bulk order discounts (Soosay Hyland, 2015). Comparison of the product quality from various suppliers, lead times, reliability, etc. could be done and then the best suitable supplier must be selected as per priorities of quality, price and delivery time. The EOQ is employed in order to reduce the cost of ordering and holding the inventory. Hence the EOQ is an appropriate quantity of inventory which is achieved by reducing the costs of ordering and holding. The further recommendations for the company is to establish its brand name as a one single group. It would not only build the customer confidence but also open up the opportunities for the company to scale up its business and even plan for expansions in the future. While streamlining the purchase and inventory management would leave the company with extra savings of cost and efforts, the same could be used by the management for better use like investments and growth of the company. Following these suggestions would help Ms. Green to take the company to greater heights of success in the near future and sustain growth for long term. Conclusion It could be said that Belinda Green has identified the problem issues for the Brisbane Outdoor Power Centre and the issue of decentralization is being figured out.in this system all the stores were operating separately, maintains their individual inventory and purchase systems. Also, there is possibility that all the three stores are negotiating foe the products from same supply and the supplier might be giving different rice quotes for different stores. This report gives recommendations for the new manager to progress the system on the basis of centralization. By doing so the company could have higher visibility and growth ensuring sustained success in the business. References Chang, M. H., Harrington Jr, J. E. (2002). Decentralized business strategies in a multi-unit firm. Annals of Operations Research, 109(1-4), 77-98. Chan, L. M., Shen, Z. M., Simchi-Levi, D., Swann, J. L. (2004). Coordination of pricing and inventory decisions: A survey and classification. In Handbook of quantitative supply chain analysis (pp. 335-392). Springer US. Frazelle, E. (2002). Supply chain strategy: the logistics of supply chain management. McGrraw Hill. Germain, R., Claycomb, C., Drge, C. (2008). Supply chain variability, organizational structure, and performance: the moderating effect of demand unpredictability. Journal of operations management, 26(5), 557-570. Harland, C., Brenchley, R., Walker, H. (2003). Risk in supply networks. Journal of Purchasing and Supply management, 9(2), 51-62. Hingley, M. (2001). Relationship management in the supply chain. The International Journal of Logistics Management, 12(2), 57-71. Holsenback, J. E., McGill, H. J. (2007). A Survey of Inventory Holding Cost Assessment and Safety Stock Allocation. Academy of Accounting and Financial Studies Journal, 11(1), 111-120. Kreipl, S., Pinedo, M. (2004). Planning and scheduling in supply chains: an overview of issues in practice. Production and Operations management, 13(1), 77-92. Lev, B. (2001). Economic order quantity model extensionsEconomic order quantity model extensions. In Encyclopedia of Operations Research and Management Science (pp. 223-225). Springer US. Mackelprang, A.W., Robinson, J.L., Bernardes, E. and Webb, G.S., 2014. The Relationship Between Strategic Supply Chain Integration and Performance: A Metaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Analytic Evaluation and Implications for Supply Chain Management Research. Journal of Business Logistics, 35(1), pp.71-96. Raza, S. A., Turiac, M. (2016). Joint optimal determination of process mean, production quantity, pricing, and market segmentation with demand leakage. European Journal of Operational Research, 249(1), 312-326. Shukla, S., Agarwal, S., Shukla, A. (2012). Trends in Cloud-ERP for SMBs: A Review. International Journal of New Innovations in Engineering and Technology (IJNIET), 1(1), 7-11. Soosay, C. A., Hyland, P. (2015). A decade of supply chain collaboration and directions for future research. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, 20(6), 613-630. Urban, T. L. (2005). Inventory models with inventory-level-dependent demand: A comprehensive review and unifying theory. European Journal of Operational Research, 162(3), 792-804. Yamak, A., Souchon, T. and Frhlich, E., 2011. An Empirical Analysis of the Benefits and Significance of Strategy Enablers in the Implementation of Purchasing Strategies. In Supply Management Research (pp. 269-289). Gabler.